Hlau silicon, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj ntau yam thiab siv tau dav hauv ntau yam lag luam. Nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau ntau yam kev siv, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb nrhiav ntau yam kev siv ntawm hlau silicon thiab qhov cuam tshuam uas nws muaj rau peb lub neej txhua hnub.
Hlau silicon, uas yog Si cim rau ntawm lub rooj teev tshuaj, yog ib qho khoom siv grey, crystalline uas tau los ntawm silica, ib qho tshuaj uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv xuab zeb. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom zoo kawg nkaus uas pab txhawb rau nws txoj kev siv dav dav. Ua ntej, silicon hlau yog ib qho semiconductor zoo heev, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Cov khoom no yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau silicon yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov semiconductors thiab integrated circuits. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me no muab hluav taws xob rau ntau yam thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, suav nrog cov xov tooj ntse, khoos phis tawj, TV, thiab ntau ntxiv. Cov hlau silicon yog siv los tsim cov wafers uas cov circuits no tau tsim, ua lub hauv paus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Nws muaj ntau, pheej yig, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha tau ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv xaiv rau kev tsim cov semiconductor.
Ntxiv mus, cov hlau silicon ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov photovoltaic (PV) lub hnub ci cell, uas hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob. Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci feem ntau siv cov silicon-based PV cells los ntes thiab hloov lub zog hnub ci mus ua lub zog hluav taws xob siv tau. Silicon lub peev xwm los nqus cov photons tau zoo thiab tsim cov nqi hluav taws xob tau ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hnub ci. Raws li qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab txuas ntxiv nce siab, silicon cov kev koom tes hauv cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci cell yuav tseem muaj nqis heev.
Tshaj li ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub zog, cov hlau silicon kuj pom nws qhov chaw hauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho. Hauv daim ntawv ntawm silicones, uas yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm silicon, nws ua haujlwm ua cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov sealants, adhesives, thiab coatings. Silicones muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov dej noo, qhov kub thiab txias heev, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv siv dav hauv cov haujlwm tsim kho kom tsim cov foob dej tsis muaj dej, tiv thaiv cov nplaim, thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov. Silicones kuj pom cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tsheb, aerospace, thiab kev kho mob vim lawv qhov kev hloov pauv thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Lwm qhov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau silicon yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim covcov hlau txhuasThaum muab sib xyaw nrog txhuas, silicon txhim kho cov alloy lub zog, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Qhov no ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom hauv tsheb, aerospace, thiab kev tsim kho. Cov hlau txhuas-silicon siv rau hauv cov cav blocks, lub taub hau lub tog raj kheej, pistons, thiab lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sib dua tab sis muaj zog.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov hlau silicon kuj siv tau rau hauv kev tsim ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg. Silica, uas yog los ntawm silicon, yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm iav. Nws qhov kub siab, qhov kub tsis tshua muaj, thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo heev ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov qhov rai, daim iav, iav lo ntsiab muag, thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv iav. Silicones, raws li tau hais ua ntej, pom kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li cov ntaub mus rau cov khoom siv tu tus kheej.
Xaus lus, cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau silicon tau ua rau nws los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Txij li kev siv zog rau peb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev siv lub zog hnub ci, silicon muaj ntau yam kev siv tau hauv ntau yam lag luam. Nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor, kev siv tshuab hnub ci, kev tsim kho, thiab kev tsim cov hlau alloy qhia txog nws cov txiaj ntsig dav dav. Thaum thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus thiab lub zej zog txais yuav cov kev coj ua ruaj khov, silicon hlau yuav txuas ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim peb lub neej yav tom ntej.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-06-2023